ESP Nursing 1: 3.1.- Hospital vs Hospice

Hospital vs Hospice

What do you think that is the difference between hospital and hospice?

Video about what is hospice care

In accordance with the BMJ (British Medical Journal), traditional medicine distinguishes between sickness that is curable and sickness that is incurable. A curable sickness is treated in a hospital with curative care; while an incurable sickness is treated in a hospice with palliative care. For example, a curable sickness, such as pneumonia, is treated in a hospital with antibiotics, fluids, and bed rest; while an incurable sickness, such as metastatic cancer, is treated in a hospice with pain medicine and tranquilizers, but no anti-cancer drugs. Curative care is designed to fight sickness, while palliative care is designed to make patients more comfortable. This distinction between curative care and palliative care is somewhat misleading, because both rely on pharmaceuticals, and both ignore the relationship between diet and health. Regardless of whether a sickness is curable or incurable, physicians must promote health and not simply treat symptoms with pharmaceuticals.

Source: https://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h5440/rr#:~:text=A%20curable%20sickness%20is%20treated,a%20hospice%20with%20palliative%20care.&text=Curative%20care%20is%20designed%20to,to%20make%20patients%20more%20comfortable.

Exercise b on page 26

Exercise c on page 26 on Wordwall

https://wordwall.net/es/resource/80226881

Exercise d on page 26 on Topworksheets

https://www.topworksheets.com/t/XPAZNd1ebA6

Medical vocabulary video

Difference among Illness, disease or sickness.

Illness

The terms illness and sickness are both generally used as synonyms for disease; however, the term illness is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of his or her disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to have a disease without being ill (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition, such as a subclinical infection, or to have a clinically apparent physical impairment but not feel sick or distressed by it), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life – for example, a person who feels unwell as a result of embarrassment, and who interprets those feelings as sickness rather than normal emotions). Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a collection of evolved responses – sickness behaviour by the body – that helps clear infection and promote recovery. Such aspects of illness can include lethargy, depression, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, and inability to concentrate.

1. Source: Kelley KW, Bluthe RM, Dantzer R, Zhou JH, Shen WH, Johnson RW, Broussard SR (2003). "Cytokine-induced sickness behavior". Brain Behav Immun. 17 (Suppl 1): S112–18. doi:10.1016/S0889-1591(02)00077-6. PMID 12615196. S2CID 25400611.

Disease

The term disease broadly refers to any condition that impairs the normal functioning of the body. For this reason, diseases are associated with the dysfunction of the body's normal homeostatic processes. Commonly, the term is used to refer specifically to infectious diseases, which are clinically evident diseases that result from the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular organisms, and aberrant proteins known as prions. An infection or colonization that does not and will not produce clinically evident impairment of normal functioning, such as the presence of the normal bacteria and yeasts in the gut, or of a passenger virus is not considered a disease. By contrast, an infection that is asymptomatic during its incubation period, but expected to produce symptoms later, is usually considered a disease. Non infectious diseases are all other diseases, including most forms of cancer, heart disease, and genetic disease

1.- Acquired disease.- It is one that began at some point during one's lifetime, as opposed to disease that was already present at birth, which is congenital disease. Acquired sounds like it could mean "caught via contagion", but it simply means acquired sometime after birth. It also sounds like it could imply secondary disease, but acquired disease can be primary disease.

2.- Acute disease.- It is one of a short-term nature; the term sometimes also connotes a fulminant nature

3.- Chronic condition or chronic disease.- It is one that persists over time, often characterized as at least six months but may also include illnesses that are expected to last for the entirety of one's natural life.

4.- Congenital disorder or congenital disease.- It is one that is present at birth. It is often a genetic disease or disorder and can be inherited. It can also be the result of a vertically transmitted infection from the mother, such as HIV/AIDS.

5.- Genetic disease.- It is caused by one or more genetic mutations. It is often inherited, but some mutations are random and de novo.

6.- Hereditary or inherited disease.- It is a type of genetic disease caused by genetic mutations that are hereditary (and can run in families)

7.- Iatrogenic disease.- It is one that is caused by medical intervention, whether as a side effect of a treatment or as an inadvertent outcome.

8.- Idiopathic disease.- It has an unknown cause or source. As medical science has advanced, many diseases with entirely unknown causes have had some aspects of their sources explained and therefore shed their idiopathic status. For example, when germs were discovered, it became known that they were a cause of infection, but particular germs and diseases had not been linked.

9.- Incurable disease.- A disease that cannot be cured. Incurable diseases are not necessarily terminal illnesses, and sometimes a disease's symptoms can be treated sufficiently for the disease to have little or no impact on quality of life.

10.- Primary disease.- It is a disease that is due to a root cause of illness, as opposed to secondary disease, which is a sequela, or complication that is caused by the primary disease. For example, a common cold is a primary disease, where rhinitis is a possible secondary disease, or sequela. A doctor must determine what primary disease, a cold or bacterial infection, is causing a patient's secondary rhinitis when deciding whether or not to prescribe antibiotics.

11.- Secondary disease.- It is a disease that is a sequela or complication of a prior, causal disease, which is referred to as the primary disease or simply the underlying cause (root cause). For example, a bacterial infection can be primary, wherein a healthy person is exposed to a bacteria and becomes infected, or it can be secondary to a primary cause, that predisposes the body to infection.

12.- Terminal disease.- A terminal disease is one that is expected to have the inevitable result of death. Previously, AIDS was a terminal disease; it is now incurable, but can be managed indefinitely using medications.

Source: "Mental Illness – Glossary". US National Institute of Mental Health. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010.

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What is a terminal illness? video